China denied a warning from NASA Administrator Bill Nelson that China might act to "take over" the moon.
On Monday, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Zhao Lijian said that this is "not the first time" NASA and Nelson have "ignored the facts and spoken irresponsibly about China."
"The U.S. side has constantly constructed a smear campaign against China's normal and reasonable outer space endeavors, and China firmly opposes such irresponsible remarks," he told reporters.
In an interview with German newspaper Bild published on Saturday, Nelson expressed his worry regarding China's ambitions in space.
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"We must be very concerned that China is landing on the moon and saying: 'It's ours now and you stay out'," he said.
China made its first uncrewed lunar landing in 2013.
Nelson said the country's space program had stolen technology and was linked to its military.
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However, Zhao asserted that China has always opposed any arms race in space and promoted the building of a shared future for humanity.
China is currently working on its own space station, called Tiangong. It also is planning uncrewed missions to the moon's south pole.
Under the Artemis program, NASA plans to send a crewed mission to land on the moon in coming years.
The crew will include the first woman and the first person of color, utilizing "innovative technologies to explore more of the lunar surface than ever before."
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The agency aims to establish the first long-term presence on the moon, collaborating with other international partners.
Reuters contributed to this report.